Book Review of “Back In The Days” in Canadian Literature Quarterly


Canadian Literature: A Quarterly of Criticism and Review

Canadian Literature aims to foster a wider academic interest in the Canadian literary field, and publishes a wide range of material from Canadian and international scholars, writers, and poets. Each issue contains a variety of critical articles, an extensive book reviews section, and a selection of original poetry.

Back in the Days. Wattle and Daub (purchase at Amazon.ca )
Addena Sumter-Freitag (Author)

Reviewed by: Atef Laouyene

In Back in the Days, the seventh-generation African Canadian Addena Sumter-Freitag takes us on a memorably intimate journey, relating her experiences growing up as a black girl in Winnipeg’s North End in the 1950s. Deeply sorrowful at times and sharply acerbic at others, Sumter-Freitag’s will undoubtedly become one of the most prominent poetic voices of Canada’s Black community. Although her idiom occasionally verges on the prosaic and the mundanely anecdotal (perhaps due to her theatre background), her emotional sincerity is little short of breathtaking. Playwright, performance artist, and poet, Sumter-Freitag brings her poems to life by fusing the poetically suggestive with the brutally honest and the brazenly humorous with the unspeakably tragic.

Back in the Days is a collection of poems gracefully interlaced with pieces of creative non-fiction and touchingly rendered by the same speaker in Sumter-Freitag’s earlier one-woman play, Stay Black and Die. Drawing on her childhood memories and stamping her idiom with black speech patterns, Sumter-Freitag succeeds in weaving a riveting, multi-voiced, and multi-generational family portrait, one that mirrors the collective lived experiences of racialized Black minorities both in the US and in Canada. A host of characters make their appearance in this family portrait: the uncommunicative but attractively melancholy father, with whom Sumter-Freitag has a special fascination; the strict but selflessly indefatigable mother; the shell-shocked cousins; the cousins who taught her the facts of life; the uncle who was assassinated by the clan; and the other uncle who enlisted in the Great War only to find himself building ditches and shovel[ing] the shit in the latrines. Within Sumter-Freitag’s poetic breath, these characters are generously accommodated, not because they have been part of her coming-of-age journey, but because their long-buried stories will hopefully bring to public consciousness the violence of racial politics that continues to structure the Black community’s social existence. That the book has made it into the school curriculum now is, without doubt, a plain testament to its relevance and merit.

To read the final/edited review, see the reviews of three writers (mine included) in the review titled: “Of Violence and Poetry”
by critic Atef Laouyene:

http://canlit.ca/reviews/of_violence_and_poetry

Current Issue: #210-211 21st-Century Poetics (Autumn/Winter 2011)
Of Violence and Poetry

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vote if you think it’s “remarkable”

For the Symposium on Manitoba Writing May 9 – 12, 2012, Winnipeg
I’ve nominated my book “Back In The Days” to be added on to Victor Enns list. If you’ve read Back In The Days, and think it is … “remarkable”, please click on the link at the bottom of this article where you can vote for it. Thanks. Addena.

30 REMARKABLE BOOKS BY MANITOBA WRITERS
By Victor Enns
For the Symposium on Manitoba Writing May 9 – 12, 2012, Winnipeg
What are the ten most remarkable books, written by Manitobans in the last 100 years? These are my top 30 I will present at the Symposium, Thursday morning May 10th at 9:00 a.m. My basic criteria; only one book per writer, I’ve read the books, I’ve remembered them, they have taken me outside of myself, they have offered potential of transformation – that is I believe it is possible for these books to change the reader, and as such meet the test of artistic excellence.
The most remarkable book you’ve read by a Manitoba writer not on the list? Nominate your own or vote for one on this list. Come and compare the lists at the Symposium on Manitoba Writing celebrating the 30th anniversary of the Manitoba Writers Guild.
Surely, you have your own opinions. Vote for your favorite Manitoba books of the last century or nominate your own. The Manitoba McNally Robinson’s People’s Choice List of Manitoba’s top 30 books of the last century will be announced in the May/June McNally Robinson’s Newsletter and at the Symposium of Manitoba Writing May 10, 2012.

• http://www.mbwriter.mb.ca/symposium/30-remarkable-books/

Victor Enns was born in Winnipeg in 1955 and raised in southern Manitoba. He graduated from the University of Manitoba in 1979 with a History/English major including the advanced creative writing workshop with Robert Kroetsch which led to the publication of his first poetry collection, Jimmy Bang Poems (Turnstone 1979). A co-founder of the Manitoba Writer’s Guild, he was the Executive Director of the Saskatchewan Writers Guild from 1982 – 1988 and founder of Windscript magazine featuring the literary and visual art of Saskatchewan high school students. Correct in this Culture (5th House) was published in 1985. He spent the next 20 years in arts administration and raising a family taking time out to found Rhubarb magazine, a literary and visual arts magazine for writers and artists of Mennonite descent in 1998. His most recent collection Lucky Man, (Hagios 2005) was nominated for the McNally Robinson Manitoba Book of the Year Award. He lives in Winnipeg and works as Publishing & Arts Consultant for Manitoba Culture, Heritage and Tourism.

http://www.mbwriter.mb.ca/symposium/30-remarkable-books/

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Genetics

I was going through my poetry files and came across this entry intended for my Web Blog, that I never posted. I wrote this just before I finished my job in Vancouver and was in the process of moving to London.

Well the adventure continues…. So far, after the whole “selling-the-house-woes” involves lots of packing, packing, and more packing.
At least dealing with ‘the Realtor From Hell’ part is over, because the house is sold.
Funny, the Realtor gets a $22,000 commission for not doing anything except “closing” (like signing us up) After signing us up, we never saw him (he sent “his team”)
We saw his sister, and Don, and Ron, and John, and whomever he chose to send to our Open Houses once a week . They sat in the kitchen and handed out a paper with the listing, and never said a word to lookers (potential buyers) … Anyway, I won’t get into that. I’ll just get more pissed off, or I’ll just get depressed, and who needs that?

Speaking of depressed, we had a workshop on ”Depression”, as part of our job’s monthly organizational (mandatory) meeting called: FUNYA. We, the staff, lovingly refer to it as NO-FUNYA. Anyway, during the meeting, the facilitator was talking about “the depressive personality” and saying that “sometimes depression and other emotional ‘states’ are “genetic”.

I was sitting there doodling while I listened, and her reference to genetics got my pen moving, and I wrote this poem while I sat there in the meeting:

GENETICS

Am I more likely to be cold
and cruel
Because of you?

Am I more likely to cause
pain,
and guilt,
and shame,

and will the acid in my words burn to the bone?

Will I go from smiles
To
rage

no rhyme
no reason

And kill the girl
when she’s just a child
and longs so much
to live?

Will I prevent my child
From flight,
And love,
And light,

to face the world
Vulnerable
and armourless
because of you?

© Addena Sumter-Freitag May 2010

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Black History Month

family history

For Black History Month I want to add two stories from that little girl you see. Stories are to show you how times have changed. Whew.

As you may know, I am from a 7th generation Black-Canadian family, so my first story is Canadian history.
My father wasn’t Canadian. He was an American. The second story(poem) gives you a glimpse of the other half of my family’s history.

The last Black History month selection is in honour of Miss Rosa Parks.
Thank you to my Mom, my dad, and all the people who helped make the changes that allow us the freedoms, rights, and equalities we enjoy today. “One Love”

TIMES THEY ARE CHANGIN’: THE ISLAND STORY

You’d think I’d remember precisely how I got these scars on my knees, but I’m not sure whether they came from fallin’ down, or whether they came from kneeling on the ‘gravely-ground playing marbles and stick-games, when I was a kid. Either way, both activities would result in tiny gravely stones that covered the ground, imbedding their way deep into your flesh. And for years after, those tiny sharp stones would work their way to the surface of your skin and you had to get tweezers and pluck them out. They left scars crazy zigzag scars. This was “Truro before pavement”, I call it now. And this was the Truro, Nova Scotia that I remember (as a kid) on: “The Island”, where I got lots of my scars from.

Every year our family would use Dad’s, Porter’s- Family-Pass, and take the train from Winnipeg to visit Mom’s family on The Island in Nova Scotia, for the whole summer.

The Island. Sounds romantic and tropical doesn’t it? Well, it was actually swamp–land, right down there next to the town’s dump. Nothing romantic, tropical, or colourful, about it. Unless you count all the people.

That’s where all the ‘Black folks’ lived. And that’s where all the White folks kept them. They kept them down there for years!

The Island.

All our lives, while we grew up in Winnipeg, my mother told us kids stories about “The Island”, and stories about ‘Nova-Scotia-all-over’ down by where she grew up. She used to always start out by empathizing how prejudiced and hateful the White people acted toward the Black people. And say how glad she was she was not from there anymore.

Whenever anyone talked about the racism and prejudice down South in “The States”, she’d say:

“Don’t you tell me about prejudice … ‘Cause I know! I’m from Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia is ‘more prejudice’ than Alabama!

I’ll bet Nova Scotia is the only province in Canada to ever have race riots. And I know!
Cause I lived through them in Truro. “Hr-umph”.

One of them times, in 1922, I think it was, ‘all of them’ White people got up in a big mob , and they were comin’ down to The Island to kill all of us Black people! Why, we were all hiding in the swamps, to save ourselves. And hiding in the Slews … for days.
And all the men from The Island got together and moved away alla’ the ‘Out-Houses’,
And they hid us kids there. In the SHIT… up to our necks.

Don’t you tell me about those Englishmen and Scotsmen!

I was the first Black person to sit down and eat inside a restaurant in Truro, Nova Scotia in 1950. That’s when me and the kids went there for the whole summer.. during the ‘Big Flood’ here in Winnipeg.

Remember that dad?

She yelled to my dad, who was sitting a few feet away from her on the front porch.

Sumter …. Walter! Are you listening to me!

… I said do you remember 1950?

My father, was sitting there staring into space and she “talked his (and us kids) ears off” telling her story.

We had a big flood here in Winnipeg in 1950, so I took all of you kids home with me to Truro .. (and I left dad here to clean up the house)
One day down there, I had all you kids with me and I went inside the restaurant.
Two of my cousins saw me going in, and started ‘calling me out of there’, knocking on the window, sayin’: “Daisy, Daisy, come out of there! … “Daisy.” (My family nick-named me Daisy).

Daisy come out of there! Daisy … come! …

My mother sucked her teeth exaggeratedly at this point of her story before she continued:

I called the waitress over: “Miss! Miss!”

… Look, (I told her) I ain’t one of them ‘fools’ from here!
I’m from Winnipeg now. And ‘Honey’… you tell your manager, if you don’t serve me some food, this ‘crazy Nigger’ is going to redecorate this restaurant”!

She put her hand to her chest and patted her chest. As she gestured proudly, she stood up even taller it seemed, and said:

“I KNOW THEY SERVED ME!”

We went to Halifax after that, for a visit.

Honest to God, Sumter, .. I still remember all their faces at the hotel desk, when me and all these kids stood at the front desk of the hotel, and I said: … “I want rooms for four!”

They knew I wasn’t from Nova Scotia.

… Not no more!”
____________________________________________________________________________

In memory of my Dad: Walter Lever Sumter.

He Knew

What the hell are you saying
And I’m lucky I didn’t poke myself in the eye
Poke ….
What does that mean to you anyway?
‘Poke-out’ like Janet’s breast
Poke
Like Pokey-slow-poke.
Poke-Chops
Like my Daddy usta’ say

And we’d laugh!
And try to trick him into saying stuff
Like
Sho’ Nuff
G’wan now
And
‘Poke’.. Anything.

Heh, heh, heh, heh,
He’d say
When we’d say
Daddy say this ..
Daddy say that

He knew ya know,
He knew.

Knew stuff about stuff we’d only
Read about

Picket Lines
And Picket Signs
And fiery crosses
In their yard

And Uncle’s body
Thrown
On the porch

That’s why he kept us from knowing

Gwan’ now you kids
Heh, heh, heh, heh,
.. Gwan’ now.

© Addena Sumter- Freitag 2006

Miss Rosa

You were Dog-Tired
And Alabama-parched
Hero was ‘the furthest’ from your mind
When they ‘threw you into the light’

After you’d had so much darkness

Color it Lime.

How they held you up
So honored
And so cherished
On everyone’s lips
In everyone’s eyes
Immortally memorable
Eternally loved.

Strange, that the calendar was your enemy
The clock
Your Foe
It isn’t fair!

It is fair
That one of them ‘chillin’
Whose Rights
You ‘wore your feet out’ for

Took out his tragic rage on you.

He battered your face
Your arms
Your legs
Your heart

For Fifty-three bucks

Then he threw you down
And hurled you
toward
Your final darkness.

© 2007 Addena Sumter-Freitag

9 Responses to Black History Month
  1. Myrna
    February 9, 2012 | 7:15 PM

    Clap, clap, clap!! Such a rich (and often painful) history of your family, Addena. And yet full of hope and strength. I know your Mom was “not easy” (as they say in JA). But when I read this, I can understand why.
    And I’ve always loved the tribute to your Dad. And Miss Rosa too, of course.
    Thank you!

    • Addena
      March 1, 2012 | 11:31 PM

      Thank you Myrna. Mom was definitely “not easy” (but she is such great story material. (laughing) I’m still writing stories. I keep writing because it is important to get our family history recorded and included as part of Canadian History . I think my family and realitives were, and are, amazing. I love the courage and strengh they possessed. These qualities in them
      shone through all the darkness and adversity they had to face.

  2. julie buckner
    February 11, 2012 | 5:10 AM

    i love how you write girl.awesome.

    • Addena
      March 1, 2012 | 11:19 PM

      Thanks Julie,
      You’re so great in always letting me know about my writing. It means a lot to me.

  3. Monica Smith
    February 13, 2012 | 1:40 PM

    Addena,I have read all that you printed here and found it very touching and also painfully true!At times I am very embarresed to be who I am knowing that my fellow Canadians could actually treat humans like that!!I knew someone from Truro(Jim Sheppard)and it was painful for him to discuss his past,but thankfully people have come a long ways…baby steps at a time,that is the only way to make change,as we are all equal………….

    • Addena
      February 27, 2012 | 6:08 PM

      Thanks for taking the time to write a comment Monica.
      I too am sad at some of the hateful behaviors,and the racial and dicriminatory laws and practices that were part of our Canadian history. I am however proud of us for the changes and advancements we have made to ensure intergration, equality, and freedoms in our country.

    • Addena
      March 1, 2012 | 11:18 PM

      p.s. I’m willing to bet Jim Sheppard is a cousin of mine. I’d have to know his parents and consult June (Paris) Harrington who is now our family (Mentis/Paris) historian
      now that our Cousin Shirley passed.

  4. Ariadne
    February 27, 2012 | 7:07 PM

    Wonderful stories about injustice and overcoming.
    We had a good Black History Celebration in New Westminster and read your poem. Almost felt like you were with us. Also, I was able to give the book of stories about mothers and daughters that you gave me to a participant who was reading poems. It seemed like a good fit even though I told her it was a used and much loved book.

    • Addena
      March 1, 2012 | 11:15 PM

      Hi Ariadne
      I sure miss all of you at World Poetry. Thank you for accepting my poem. I wish I could have been there. Soon I hope.
      Good on you for passing along the book of stories. I hope some of the World Poetry International members check out my Blog page.
      Keep up all your great work! One love.

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In honour of all of our soldiers and their families everywhere: We Remember your sacrifices not just today, but everyday.

For Rememberance Day I offer three poems and a story. Please scroll down to see the third poem: The First Soldier .

A Soldier’s Dreams (Part 1)

I sent my son to war

My baby

My child..

Grudgingly.

This country ‘ripped him’ from my womb

Like ‘a back-street abortionist.’

I watched him go

Eager
Talkative
Proud
Hopeful

Dressed in the murderous khaki

Both sides wore.

Tall
Proud
Hopeful

Believing that you’d finally embrace him.

He board the train,

Your ships,

Your planes,

And he was gone from me.

You sent back this …

Stranger

You claim is my son

Stooped

Defeated

Degraded

Finding his hope for chance and change

Shattered

Buried

Under those third-class decks

You relegated him to on his return

Drowned

Under all that liquor he drank

In order to face each day

Hiding

Blocking

Denying

The severed limbs

Spilled guts

Orphaned children

Raped women

Your war left as its legacy.

He fought

Those communists

Side by side

Up in front

Boldly

Bravely

Patriotically

Fought

For dreams of

Freedom

Democracy

And equality

And came home

(third class)

To the “same –o same-o”

Segregation

And degradation

His daddy

And daddy’s daddy faced.

And my

Hopeful

Proud

Tall

Beautiful

Black

Son

Stooped!

To shine shoes

And sit jobless on the curb

With his bottle of whiskey

Wrapped up in a brown bag

Along with his dreams.

THE STORY OF THE SOLDIERS:
My mother’s house was full of soldiers before and after the Korean War. We had them comin and goin my mother said.

In our SMALL two bedroom house, besides us, there would be as many as twelve extra people sleeping there at once sometimes. (Eatin’ too!) Soldiers were sleeping on the Hide-A-Bed couch, plus we had Roll-Away Cots pulled into the living room, the kitchen, and the back porch.

Once the house was full, we lost the only sitting space we had left, cause mom would bed down soldiers in the front sun porch. She put them chesterfield, and pull a Roll-Away in. If ‘push came to shove’, (and it did,) one extra soldier wound up sleeping in the big Arm Chair out there.

They arrived in Winnipeg and found their way to The Colored Baptist Church, like their people back home had told them to. They asked Colored Folks to put them up till they got their “Orders” as to where, when, and how the Military was going to transport them to overseas to Korea. They came here from all over the Eastern parts of Canada. Lots of them were “down-homers” my mom called them. That meant they were from Nova Scotia, where mom’s originally from. Some of them, turned out to be relatives of ours, distant, close, and we even found one “second-double cousin”.

I know they wished they could have spent their last ‘shore days’ sprawled out in some nice fancy place, but they couldn’t. In those days, they couldn’t get rooms in hotels. Hotels in Winnipeg didn’t rent rooms to Coloreds, or Indians.

The fact that some of them were five and sixth generation Canadians, and the fact that they were all going to fight a war for their country, didn’t mean nothing much to hotel owners.

I don’t remember lots of the stuff that went on during those days when the soldiers stayed with us, I was way too young , but I do remember some things ……

A Soldier’s Dreams: Part II

I remember how handsome
My cousin Alvin was in his uniform
He just ‘beamed’.
That’s the only word for it.
It wasn’t just his gleaming smile,
His face glowed.
I swear!

Like an angel’s.
His hair was cut,
And he was ‘stylin’.
He was real young
I think he lied about his age to get in the army
’Cause
Rudy and Delacy
(those were my cousins)
And Paul (his brother),
They were goin’.
And Alvin always wanted to be
Just like Paul.
So they were all goin’
Together.

They were comin’ thru Winnipeg on the trains
On their way to…
Wherever they would ship off to Korea from.
God,
We were all so proud of them.
They came to the Baptist Church and got fussed over, ‘big-time’.
Then they had a dance and a party
And “got much pussy” (they said).
I didn’t know what it meant then,
But I do now.
And they got it cause “they were soldiers”
And they were fightin’ a war for us
And this war
Would make things different,
They said.
… Something happened to them over there
It musta been awful
Cause
It didn’t seem that long
Since we saw them
But
Oh, wow!
It was too amazing!
Rudy was a zombie
And Delacy was a ghost
And Alvin had rotten teeth!
Paul was an old, old man
And crazy!
Like, scary crazy.
They said he was ‘shell shocked’.
I wasn’t sure what that meant
But it made him mean.
Real mean.
He went home and married Elise
She was just a real young girl
She had no parents.
Elise was smitten by that old, worn out uniform
And a few word of love
And they got married.
He beat her all the time
And dragged her around by the hair
And burned her with cigarettes.
Then he’d pass out
And have those terrible nightmares
‘Bout the war
And wake up screamin’ and sweatin’
And they’d cry together.
He’d bring over old drunks sleep with her
And beat her if she didn’t
Cause he owed them money
And they kept him in booze
Cause he didn’t work.
Couldn’t get a job.
Nothing changed
Since the war
‘Cept them.

Yeah

They say Paul was crazy since the war

And they say Alvin
Was
Just like Paul.

12 Responses to In honour of all of our soldiers and their families everywhere: We Remember your sacrifices not just today, but everyday.
  1. Suzanne Page
    November 11, 2011 | 9:47 PM

    Great story.
    It’s amazing what happened when men left for war. Even more interesting for colored troops (what they were once called). The impact and reality for them was devastating.

    • Johnie
      January 9, 2012 | 11:45 AM

      This arlitce keeps it real, no doubt.

    • Addena
      March 1, 2012 | 11:40 PM

      Thank you Suzanne,
      I know that every war, (including the wars going on today) has a devastating effect on the soldiers and their families.
      It is not so much the scars you see as the scars inside.

  2. ghislaine
    November 12, 2011 | 9:04 AM

    nothing to add …just perfect conscious of what is war!!!a human desaster…love so much your writting, addena!For a while now your books are always with me…
    ghislaine

    • Tessie
      January 9, 2012 | 1:53 PM

      That’s a mold-breaekr. Great thinking!

    • Addena
      March 1, 2012 | 11:34 PM

      Thank you my friend. IT is an honour. I cannot wait until you translate my work. I will come to Paris to watch you perform the translations.
      I cannot wait. love.

  3. Dawne
    November 12, 2011 | 10:32 PM

    These are awesome poems & stories Addena. :)

    • Addena
      March 1, 2012 | 11:33 PM

      Thanks Dawne. There is lots more to come.

  4. lori segall
    November 14, 2011 | 7:16 AM

    Addena, you nearly made the tears fall – very disturbing, very moving!

    • Addena
      March 1, 2012 | 11:32 PM

      Thank you. My work is done.

  5. Dweezil
    January 10, 2012 | 4:06 AM

    This does look prmoisnig. I’ll keep coming back for more.

  6. Kayli
    January 9, 2012 | 12:12 PM

    There are no words to describe how bodiacous this is.

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